Comparative Analysis of Lumpsum Contract and Unit Price Contract Risk Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Method (Case Study of Contractors in Bekasi)

Bekasi Regency Government gives priority in infrastructure development. According to the Central Statistics Agency for West Java Province, the population of Bekasi was 2,344,871 people in 2018. The Bekasi Regency Government will build roads in 28 locations, one of which is to improve the existing infrastructure in Bekasi. In every business, there will always appear two contradictory things which are profit and profit, including in the construction services business. Construction activities can be completed when meeting all the objectives that have been set, following the agreed costs, and meet the quality that has been previously agreed upon. The purpose of this study is to study agreements regarding lump-sum contracts and unit price contracts. This research method uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process Method. The research process starts with creating problems and making hierarchical arrangements. The hierarchical structure consists of three things namely objectives (level I), criteria (level II), and alternatives (level III). Once organized, the hierarchy will be attended by using a questionnaire for 30 respondents. After the data is obtained, the data is tabulated, then the paired frame is searched, move in pairs, and the priority weights. The results of the analysis by the AHP method were obtained in a construction project in Bekasi City, the factor of using Lumpsum contract was more influential compared to the contract Unit price with a ratio of 52.01%: 47.99%.


Introduction
Bekasi Regency Government gives priority in infrastructure development. According to the Central Statistics Agency for West Java Province the number of residents of Bekasi infrastructure such as building construction, roads, irrigation, and others with field actors the business is the contractors who have experienced in the construction field. In implementation of construction projects, contracts is a standard bond between the project owner (owner) with the executor / constructor as service provider. During the auction stage usually The owner has already mentioned the type of contract that is will be used. Two types of contracts are frequent used in Indonesia is a contract lumpsum (fixed price) and unit price contract (unit price).
According to Perpres No. 16 Article 27 paragraph 3 and 4 of 2018 that the lump sum contract viz contract with the scope of work and the exact amount and remains within the time limit certain with the provisions of all risks fully borne by the provider, output-oriented, and payment oriented based on the product / output stage which is generated according to the contract. While a unit price contract is a contract of service other construction goods / work / services with fixed unit price for each unit or elements of work with technical specifications certain of the completion of all work within the time limit set with terms of volume or quantity of work still estimated at the time of the contract signed, payment based on results joint measurement of volume realization work, and the final contract value is determined after all the work is done.

Methodology
To achieve this research objective, the study is divided into several stages, including: a. Determination of paired matrices b. Paired matrix normalization VOLUME 2 │ NUMBER 3 │ MAY 2020 Available online at http://proceedings.worldconference.id. ISSN: 2656ISSN: -1174

Result and Analysis
In the results of the first stage data collection, namely by distributing the stage I questionnaire to experts / experts. The experts / experts provide responses, corrections, input, addition and subtraction on each of the initial risk variables that are asked for their opinions. These improvements include reducing unrelated or invalid variables on the research topic, and corrections to the grammar of the writing presented in the questionnaire to be understood by respondents.
In the next stage of the questionnaire the second stage of data collection researchers conducted a questionnaire questionnaire containing variable results from the stage I data collection to three selected respondents. The purpose of this phase II sampling is to ensure the format of the risk variable along with the sentences is clear and can be easily understood by respondents In the Phase III questionnaire, questionnaires were distributed to 30 respondents who had been distributed to those involved in the Cimanggis-Cibitung Toll Ways Project Section 2 and MM2100 Underpass Project. VOLUME 2 │ NUMBER 3 │ MAY 2020 Available online at http://proceedings.worldconference.id.

A. Risk Level Assessment
After tabulating the data from the questionnaire, a variable reduction is carried out by multiplying the frequency and impact according to the respondent's answers to each variable to get the value of the risk level. From the results of the assessment of the risk level, five variables were selected with the highest risk level for each aspect of both the lump sum contract and the unit price contract which will be used in subsequent risk analyzes. There are differences in the level of risk for lump sum contracts and unit price contracts so that the combination of the highest risk factors obtained in the two contracts results in 21 risk factors with the description of rank 1 = very influential; 2 = more influential; 3 = influential; 4 = less influential; and 5 = no effect as shown in the following table.

B. Arrangement of Hierarchy Structure
Based on the assessment of risk levels above, risk factors are then further analyzed using the AHP method which starts with the stages of the preparation of the hierarchical structure. The goal to be achieved now is to determine the dominant risk factors in lump sum contracts and unit prices in terms of cost, time and quality of the project as shown in the following figure.

C. Calculation of Criteria Weight
From the results of the calculation of the pairwise comparison matrix and the normality matrix, it is found that the dominant risk factors that affect the aspects of cost, time and quality in lump sum contracts and unit price contracts are based on the weight of each criterion as shown in the following tables. VOLUME 2 │ NUMBER 2 │ MARCH 2020 Available online at http://proceedings.worldconference.id.

D. Matrix Normalization and Consistency Calculation
The normalization matrix is a reflection of the paired matrix. In the normalization matrix there is a sum of variables and averages or eigenvectors to produce lamda values, hierarchical \consistency ratios and hierarchical consistency indices. In calculating the AHP method, data validity testing is performed using a consistency ratio (CR) with a 10% consistency limit or in other words CR ≤ 0.1. From the calculation of the global priority weighting aspects of cost, time and quality, the final result is that the unit price contract has a greater weighting percentage than the lump sum contract with a ratio of 52.01%: 47.99% as shown in the table.

Conclussion
Based on the results and discussion of this study. Then, a conclusion can be drawn from the research on the Risk Management of lump sum contracts and unit price contracts as follows: 1. The results of the analysis using the AHP method show that in construction projects in Bekasi City, the risk factor for using Lumpsum contracts is higher than the Unit Price contracts with a ratio of 52.01%: 47.99%. From these results it is recommended that the contractor pay more close attention to the dominant risk factors identified before entering the tender process or prior to signing the contract as consideration for anticipating risks and avoiding project cost overruns, delays in project completion time and quality of the resulting project so as not to cause losses the bigger. VOLUME 2 │ NUMBER 2 │ MARCH 2020 Available online at http://proceedings.worldconference.id.

Suggestion
Based on the research results and conclusions that can be described are as follows: 1. From the conclusions obtained, that a lump sum contract is more at risk of loss than a unit price contract, it is suggested to the contractor to be more careful in the selection of the contract to be used when the project runs. 2. To minimize the risks in the project, the contractor must pay close attention to the dominant risks identified in this study by preparing preventive measures to reduce the risks that will occur.