Analysis of Traffic Accident Characteristics Using The EAN (Accident Equivalent Number) Method of The Case Study Narogong Road in Bekasi

This study uses the Accident Equivalent Number (EAN) method based on the weighted value of accident victims with the accident fatality rate and the number of victims. The weighting of the accident rate is then determined by the EAN formula: 12MD + 3LB + 3LR + 1K, then using the Upper Control Limit (BKA) formula to determine the ranking of accident-prone points with the formula BKA = C + 3√C to determine priority handling of accident-prone points. And using the road inventory survey method to find out the factors that cause accidents and efforts to handle accident-prone points appropriately Based on the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the Narogong road in the city of Bekasi is classified as an accident-prone area because it has an EAN value that exceeds the Upper Control Limit (BKA) value. The coordinate point of the location with the highest EAN value is segment three at the point -6.3145869 s.d '-6.3230043. (residential area of Vida Bekasi to Bantar Gebang market area) with an EAN value of 126 and a BKA value of 48.3. In this segment there have been 12 accidents with 7 fatalities, 2 seriously injured, 8 slightly injured with a material loss of Rp. 11,200,000. And the dominant type of accident is the front-rear hit-and-hit accident by 39% with the cause of the traffic accident being the driver factor by 76%. Efforts to handle accident-prone points by holding counseling about safety riding, painting road markings, installing road signs as needed, and conducting routine checks of street lighting that is not functioning.


Introduction
Land transportation, a part of transportation, also contributes to improving the economy in an area this can be seen that in regions that have a land transport network, as a means that can connect these areas with other regions, will have faster economic growth compared to isolated areas The movement of goods and people becomes faster and easier, and comfort for road users is the main goal. But on the other hand it creates problems that hinder the achievement of these goals. Increased traffic flow that causes congestion, delays, accidents and various other environmental problems that must be resolved. [1] Based on the 2011 National Road Safety General Plan up to 2035, safety is one of the basic principles of transport organizers. In Indonesia this principle is often not in line with what is happening on the ground. This is indicated by the increasing number of fatalities of accident victims. [2] An accident is defined as an unexpected and unintentional road event involving a vehicle with or without other road users, resulting in human casualties or property loss. Victims of traffic accidents can be in the form of death victims, serious injuries and minor injuries and are calculated no later than (30) days after the accident occurred. [3] Narogong highway is a line that connects the city of Bekasi with Bogor regency, besides that there are several industries along the Narogong highway. And as the main access road to Bantar Gebang Final Disposal Site (TPA). With the type of vehicle with the heaviest load axis of more than 8 tons. Narogong highway is included in the classification of collector road with one-way lane and becomes one of the lanes with heavy traffic flow and is considered to have a high level of accident risk. The results of this analysis continue to look at the extent to which a type of accident that is considered dominant in an accident-prone location will be significantly different from the accident conditions on the Narogong highway in the city of Bekasi. After knowing the type of accident, it can provide suggestions for handling the dominant aspects on accident-prone roads.
The next step is to know the characteristics of the accident. The characteristics of the accident will illustrate the accident conditions on the Narogong highway in the city of Bekasi. Therefore, knowing the characteristics of the accident can determine the type of accident that affects traffic accidents.
The classification of accidents that will be used in this study are: Factors that cause accidents, to find the dominant factors causing an accident.
1 Collision type, to find the dominant collision type at an accident site. 2 Road user involvement, grouped according to the type of vehicle. 3 Location of the incident, referring to the accident location environment. 4 The time of the incident, in terms of the weather conditions at the scene or the hour of the accident. 24 VOLUME 2 │ NUMBER 3 │ MAY 2020 Available online at http://proceedings.worldconference.id.

Figure 2 Research flow chart
Source: Data in Research,2020 The research data used in this study are secondary data that is accident data from the Bekasi City Police from 2015 to 2018 to find out the number of accidents, the type of accident and the time of the accident. Then the Primary data that is conducting a survey of road inventory such as road medians, road markings, traffic signs, road safety and road lighting conditions. And surveying the speed of vehicles on the narogong highway in the city of Bekasi. The data that has been collected is then processed using the following method.

Survey of accident-prone locations
Primary data were obtained from the results of field surveys on the Narogong highway in the city of Bekasi by using a checklist form comparing the actual conditions on the ground with the minimum standard of road service at the accident-prone locations in the third segment at the coordinates of -6.3145869 to 3.3230043. ( After conducting a direct review, there were a number of factors triggering accidents on the Bekasi city narogong highway: 1 The Bekasi city Narogong highway is a connecting city road between Bekasi city and Bogor district, causing a significant level of mobilization on the road because many residents reside in Bekasi and Bogor regency but work in areas along the Narogong highway. This condition is not balanced with adequate infrastructure and facilities of roads and public transportation. This can be seen from the lack of traffic signs, road markings that do not exist and some faded road markings, guard rails / sidewalks, road damage or inadequate street lighting that can trigger accidents. 2 The existence of Bantar Gebang waste landfills so that many garbage trucks have the risk of disposing of slippery water which makes the road slippery and increases the potential for accidents during the rainy season.

Accident Prone Location Identification
The accident table data is based on segment division and the number of accident victims in table 2. From the accident data on the Narogong highway in the city of Bekasi, accidents often occur in segment three with the number of fatalities 3 people, the number of seriously injured 7 people, the number of minor injuries 2 people with a total loss of Rp 11,200,000.

Determination of Accident Prone Areas
If the value of EAN > BKA, then the area is an accident-prone area. On the Narogong Highway Bekasi city coordinates -6.2976651 to -6.3073491, EAN value = 108 with BKA = 42.6 then the road has EAN value > BKA higher than EAN value > BKA. VOLUME 2 │ NUMBER 3 │ MAY 2020 Available online at http://proceedings.worldconference.id.
ISSN: 2656-1174 (online)  table 3 it can be concluded that the Narogong highway in the city of Bekasi is classified as an area prone to traffic accidents because of the four segments having EAN value > BKA Narogong highway. And in the third segment has the highest deviation value that is the coordinate point -6.3145869 to -6.3230043 (Vida housing area to Bantar Gebang market area) with a deviation value of -77.7 so it needs to be given special treatment especially to suppress the level of traffic accident prone on the road . Then in second place in segment one, then segment two and finally the four segment.
Tabel From the data of the causes of accidents above the most dominant cause is the driver factor as much as 31 the number of accidents 75.6% then the road factor 12.2% and the vehicle factor 9.8%. Accident characteristics data contains the type of accident, time of incident, and the total number of accident victims that occurred on the Narogong highway in Bekasi City. a. The dominant factor causing traffic accidents is the driver factor with a percentage of 75.6%, this is because there are still many drivers or road users who are not disciplined about traffic safety rules and awareness for safety riding. b. Lack of pedestrian facilities such as zebra crossing to cross the street. The condition of the road markings has faded and the road surface has holes and uneven surfaces and some points that are not exposed to street lighting are additional factors that can trigger accidents. c. The existence of the Bantar Gebang rubbish landfill site is passed so that garbage trucks are at risk of removing slippery water which makes the road slippery and increases the potential for accidents during the rainy season.

Suggestion
1 Need to hold counseling about the importance of safety riding for motorists and carry out special operations from the police to minimize drivers who are disorderly or do not have a driving license.